Difference between revisions of "Example-DNS"

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Line 4: Line 4:
 
  Authors:
 
  Authors:
 
  '''David Fernández (david at dit.upm.es)'''
 
  '''David Fernández (david at dit.upm.es)'''
−
  '''version 1.7, November 23rd, 2006'''
+
  '''version 1.8, October 3rd, 2007'''
 
</big>
 
</big>
  
Line 16: Line 16:
 
<center>[[Image:dns.png|DSN]]</center>
 
<center>[[Image:dns.png|DSN]]</center>
  
−
<font color="red">'''NOTE:'''</font> if you are experiencing problems with the conventional xterm, we recommend you to uncomment the [[Reference#<xterm>|<xterm>]] tag in each virtual machine, in order to use gnome-terminal, that seems to be more stable. Of course, you will need the gnome-terminal installed in your system.Once you have started the scenario (vnuml -t ...) and the simulation (vnuml -s ...), you can make queries to the different name servers from any of the virtual machines or the host (which is included in the scenario with address 10.1.1.10) using dig tool. For example:
+
<font color="red">'''NOTE:'''</font> if you are experiencing problems with the conventional xterm, we recommend you to uncomment the [[Reference#<xterm>|<xterm>]] tag in each virtual machine, in order to use gnome-terminal, that seems to be more stable. Of course, you will need the gnome-terminal installed in your system.
 +
 
 +
Once you have started the scenario (vnuml -t ...) and the simulation (vnuml -s ...), you can make queries to the different name servers from any of the virtual machines or the host (which is included in the scenario with address 10.1.1.10) using dig tool. For example:
 
* '''dig @10.1.1.1 h1.dit.upm.e6''' queries root server (10.1.1.1) to get the A record corresponding to h1.dit.upm.e6 host.
 
* '''dig @10.1.1.1 h1.dit.upm.e6''' queries root server (10.1.1.1) to get the A record corresponding to h1.dit.upm.e6 host.
 
* '''dig @10.1.1.3 -x 10.12.1.1''' queries dit.upm.e6 server (10.1.1.3) to get the PTR record corresponding to 10.12.1.1.
 
* '''dig @10.1.1.3 -x 10.12.1.1''' queries dit.upm.e6 server (10.1.1.3) to get the PTR record corresponding to 10.12.1.1.
Line 105: Line 107:
 
== VNUML Description ==
 
== VNUML Description ==
 
   
 
   
−
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
<pre>
−
+
 
−
<!DOCTYPE vnuml SYSTEM "/usr/share/xml/vnuml/vnuml.dtd">
+
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
−
<vnuml>
+
<!DOCTYPE vnuml SYSTEM "/usr/share/xml/vnuml/vnuml.dtd" [
−
+
  <!ENTITY VNUMLDIR "/usr/share/vnuml/">
−
    <global>
+
  <!ENTITY BASEDIR "/root/">
−
      <version>1.7</version>
+
  <!ENTITY REDIR "&amp;lt;/dev/null &amp;gt;/dev/null 2&amp;gt;&amp;amp;1 &amp;amp;">
−
      <simulation_name>dns</simulation_name>
+
]>
−
+
<vnuml>
−
      <ssh_key>/root/.ssh/identity.pub</ssh_key>
+
 
−
      <automac offset="0"/>
+
  <global>
−
      <vm_mgmt type="private" network="192.168.0.0" mask="24" offset="0">
+
    <version>1.8</version>
−
+
    <simulation_name>dns</simulation_name>
−
          <host_mapping/>
+
    <ssh_key>~/.ssh/identity.pub</ssh_key>
−
      </vm_mgmt>
+
    <automac offset="0"/>
−
      <vm_defaults>
+
    <vm_mgmt type="private" network="10.250.0.0" mask="24">
−
          <filesystem type="cow">/usr/share/vnuml/filesystems/root_fs_tutorial</filesystem>
+
      <host_mapping/>
−
          <kernel>/usr/share/vnuml/kernels/linux</kernel>
+
    </vm_mgmt>
−
+
    <vm_defaults>
−
          <shell>/bin/sh</shell>
+
      <filesystem type="cow">&VNUMLDIR;filesystems/root_fs_tutorial</filesystem>
−
          <console id="0">xterm</console>
+
      <kernel>&VNUMLDIR;kernels/linux</kernel>
−
          <!--xterm>gnome-terminal,-t,-x</xterm-->
+
      <basedir>&BASEDIR;</basedir>
−
      </vm_defaults>
+
      <console id="1">xterm</console>
−
+
      <!--xterm>gnome-terminal,-t,-x</xterm-->
−
    </global>
+
    </vm_defaults>
−
   
+
  </global>
−
    <!-- NETWORKS -->
+
 
−
    <net name="lan1" mode="uml_switch" />
+
  <!-- NETWORKS -->
−
   
+
<net name="lan1" mode="uml_switch"/>
−
    <vm name="e6">
+
 
−
+
  <!-- NODES -->
−
      <if id="1" net="lan1">
+
  <vm name="e6">
−
          <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.1</ipv4>
+
    <xterm>xterm,-T e6,-e</xterm>
−
          <ipv6>2001:db8::1/64</ipv6>
+
    <if id="1" net="lan1">
−
+
      <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.1</ipv4>
−
      </if>
+
      <ipv6>2001:db8::1/64</ipv6>
−
      <filetree root="/etc/bind" when="start">/usr/share/vnuml/examples/dns/ns1</filetree>
+
    </if>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
+
    <filetree seq="start" root="/etc/bind">conf/ns1</filetree>
−
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns1/* /etc/bind</exec>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns1/* /etc/bind</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
−
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
+
    <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
−
      <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
+
  </vm>
−
+
 
−
    </vm>
+
  <vm name="upm.e6">
−
    <vm name="upm.e6">    
+
    <console id="1">xterm</console>
−
      <if id="1" net="lan1">
+
    <xterm>xterm,-T upm.e6,-e</xterm>
−
          <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.2</ipv4>
+
    <if id="1" net="lan1">
−
+
       <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.2</ipv4>
−
          <ipv6>2001:db8::2/64</ipv6>
+
       <ipv6>2001:db8::2/64</ipv6>
−
       </if>
+
    </if>
−
       <filetree root="/etc/bind" when="start">/usr/share/vnuml/examples/dns/ns2</filetree>
+
    <filetree seq="start" root="/etc/bind">conf/ns2</filetree>
−
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns2/* /etc/bind</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns2/* /etc/bind</exec>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
−
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
+
    <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
+
  </vm>
−
+
 
−
      <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
+
  <vm name="dit.upm">
−
    </vm>
+
    <console id="1">xterm</console>
−
    <vm name="dit.upm">
+
    <xterm>xterm,-T dit.upm,-e</xterm>
−
      <if id="1" net="lan1">
+
    <if id="1" net="lan1">
−
+
      <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.3</ipv4>
−
          <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.3</ipv4>
+
       <ipv6>2001:db8::3/64</ipv6>
−
          <ipv6>2001:db8::3/64</ipv6>
+
    </if>
−
       </if>
+
    <filetree seq="start" root="/etc/bind">conf/ns3</filetree>
−
      <filetree root="/etc/bind" when="start">/usr/share/vnuml/examples/dns/ns3</filetree>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
−
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns3/* /etc/bind</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns3/* /etc/bind</exec>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
−
+
    <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
+
  </vm>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
+
 
−
+
  <vm name="umu.e6">
−
      <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
+
    <console id="1">xterm</console>
−
    </vm>
+
    <xterm>xterm,-T umu.e6,-e</xterm>
−
    <vm name="umu.e6">
+
    <if id="1" net="lan1">
−
      <if id="1" net="lan1">
+
      <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.4</ipv4>
−
+
       <ipv6>2001:db8::4/64</ipv6>
−
          <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.4</ipv4>
+
    </if>
−
          <ipv6>2001:db8::4/64</ipv6>
+
    <filetree seq="start" root="/etc/bind">conf/ns4</filetree>
−
       </if>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
−
      <filetree root="/etc/bind" when="start">/usr/share/vnuml/examples/dns/ns4</filetree>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns4/* /etc/bind</exec>
−
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns4/* /etc/bind</exec>
+
    <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
−
+
  </vm>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
+
 
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
+
  <vm name="dif.umu">
−
+
    <console id="1">xterm</console>
−
      <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
+
    <xterm>xterm,-T dif.umu,-e</xterm>
−
    </vm>
+
    <if id="1" net="lan1">
−
    <vm name="dif.umu">    
+
      <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.5</ipv4>
−
      <if id="1" net="lan1">
+
       <ipv6>2001:db8::5/64</ipv6>
−
+
    </if>
−
          <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.5</ipv4>
+
    <filetree seq="start" root="/etc/bind">conf/ns5</filetree>
−
          <ipv6>2001:db8::5/64</ipv6>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
−
       </if>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns5/* /etc/bind</exec>
−
      <filetree root="/etc/bind" when="start">/usr/share/vnuml/examples/dns/ns5</filetree>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
−
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
+
    <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns5/* /etc/bind</exec>
+
  </vm>
−
+
 
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
+
  <vm name="cons">
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
+
    <console id="1">xterm</console>
−
+
    <xterm>xterm,-T cons,-e</xterm>
−
      <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
+
    <if id="1" net="lan1">
−
    </vm>
+
      <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.6</ipv4>
−
    <vm name="cons">
+
      <ipv6>2001:db8::6/64</ipv6>
−
      <if id="1" net="lan1">
+
    </if>
−
+
    <filetree seq="start" root="/etc/bind">conf/ns6</filetree>
−
          <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.6</ipv4>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
−
          <ipv6>2001:db8::6/64</ipv6>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns6/* /etc/bind</exec>
−
      </if>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
−
      <filetree root="/etc/bind" when="start">/usr/share/vnuml/examples/dns/ns6</filetree>
+
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
−
+
    <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
+
  </vm>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns6/* /etc/bind</exec>
+
 
−
+
  <host>
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
+
    <hostif net="lan1">
−
      <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
+
      <ipv4>10.1.1.10</ipv4>
−
+
    </hostif>
−
      <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
+
  </host>
−
    </vm>
+
 
−
   
+
</vnuml>
−
    <host>
+
 
−
      <hostif net="lan1">
+
</pre>
−
 
−
          <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.10</ipv4>
 
−
      </hostif>
 
−
    </host>
 
−
   
 
−
</vnuml>
 
  
 
== Download ==
 
== Download ==
Line 245: Line 241:
 
* VNUML specification file: [http://jungla.dit.upm.es/~vnuml/doc/examples/dns/dns.xml dns.xml]
 
* VNUML specification file: [http://jungla.dit.upm.es/~vnuml/doc/examples/dns/dns.xml dns.xml]
 
* Configuration files: [http://jungla.dit.upm.es/~vnuml/doc/examples/dns/dns.tar dns.tar]
 
* Configuration files: [http://jungla.dit.upm.es/~vnuml/doc/examples/dns/dns.tar dns.tar]
−
 
  
 
== Old Releases ==
 
== Old Releases ==
Line 251: Line 246:
 
* [http://jungla.dit.upm.es/~vnuml/doc/examples/dns/1.3/dns.html 1.3]
 
* [http://jungla.dit.upm.es/~vnuml/doc/examples/dns/1.3/dns.html 1.3]
 
* [http://jungla.dit.upm.es/~vnuml/doc/examples/dns/1.6/dns.html 1.6]<br />
 
* [http://jungla.dit.upm.es/~vnuml/doc/examples/dns/1.6/dns.html 1.6]<br />
 +
* [[Example-dns-1.7|1.7]]

Latest revision as of 11:36, 4 October 2007

DNS Example 

Authors:
David Fernández (david at dit.upm.es)
version 1.8, October 3rd, 2007


Scenario

This is an interesting example to learn and experiment with the Internet's Domain Name System (DNS) and the configuration of the widest used DNS server implementation: bind.The example implements the complete dual IPv4/IPv6 DNS hierarchy shown in the figure. All DNS servers are under the fictitious .e6 top level domain (used for testing in Euro6IX project).

DSN

NOTE: if you are experiencing problems with the conventional xterm, we recommend you to uncomment the <xterm> tag in each virtual machine, in order to use gnome-terminal, that seems to be more stable. Of course, you will need the gnome-terminal installed in your system.

Once you have started the scenario (vnuml -t ...) and the simulation (vnuml -s ...), you can make queries to the different name servers from any of the virtual machines or the host (which is included in the scenario with address 10.1.1.10) using dig tool. For example:

  • dig @10.1.1.1 h1.dit.upm.e6 queries root server (10.1.1.1) to get the A record corresponding to h1.dit.upm.e6 host.
  • dig @10.1.1.3 -x 10.12.1.1 queries dit.upm.e6 server (10.1.1.3) to get the PTR record corresponding to 10.12.1.1.
  • dig @10.1.1.3 -t ptr 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.0.4.1.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa queries dit.upm.e6 server (10.1.1.3) to get the PTR record corresponding to 2001:db8:14:100::1 IPv6 address.

The following table shows the main data related to the scenario:

e6 upm.e6 dit.upm umu.e6 dif.umu cons.e6
Server

ns1.e610.1.1.1 2001:db8::1

ns1.upm.e610.1.1.1 2001:db8::1

ns1.dit.upm.e610.1.1.1 2001:db8::1

ns1.umu.e610.1.1.1 2001:db8::1

ns1.dif.umu.e610.1.1.1 2001:db8::1

ns1.cons.e610.1.1.1 2001:db8::1

Authoritative for direct domains:

e6

upm.e6

dit.upm.e6

umu.e6

dif.umu.e6

cons.e6

Authoritative for inverse domains:

10.0.0.0/8 2001:db8::/32

10.12.0.0/16 2001:db8:12::/48

10.12.10.0/24 2001:db8:12:1000::/56

10.13.0.0/16 2001:db8:13::/48

10.13.10.0/24 2001:db8:13:1000::/56

10.14.0.0/16 2001:db8:14::/48

Prefixes used by local hosts:

10.11.0.0/16 2001:db8:11::/48

10.12.1.0/24 2001:db8:12:100:/56

10.12.10.0/24 2001:db8:12:1000::/56

10.13.1.0/24 2001:db8:13:100:/56

10.13.10.0/24 2001:db8:13:1000::/56

10.14.0.0/16 2001:db8:14::/48

Example host locally registered:

h1.e610.11.1.1 2001:db8:11::1

h1.upm.e610.12.1.1 2001:db8:11::1

h1.dit.upm.e610.12.10.1 2001:db8:11::1

h1.umu.e610.13.1.1 2001:db8:11::1

h1.dif.umu.e610.13.10.1 2001:db8:11::1

h1.cons.e610.11.1.1 2001:db8:11::1

VNUML Description


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE vnuml SYSTEM "/usr/share/xml/vnuml/vnuml.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY VNUMLDIR "/usr/share/vnuml/">
  <!ENTITY BASEDIR "/root/">
  <!ENTITY REDIR "&lt;/dev/null &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;">
]>
<vnuml>

  <global>
    <version>1.8</version>
    <simulation_name>dns</simulation_name>
    <ssh_key>~/.ssh/identity.pub</ssh_key>
    <automac offset="0"/>
    <vm_mgmt type="private" network="10.250.0.0" mask="24">
       <host_mapping/>
    </vm_mgmt>
    <vm_defaults>
       <filesystem type="cow">&VNUMLDIR;filesystems/root_fs_tutorial</filesystem>
       <kernel>&VNUMLDIR;kernels/linux</kernel>
       <basedir>&BASEDIR;</basedir>
       <console id="1">xterm</console>
       <!--xterm>gnome-terminal,-t,-x</xterm-->
    </vm_defaults>
  </global>

  <!-- NETWORKS -->
 <net name="lan1" mode="uml_switch"/>

  <!-- NODES -->
  <vm name="e6">
    <xterm>xterm,-T e6,-e</xterm>
    <if id="1" net="lan1">
       <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.1</ipv4>
       <ipv6>2001:db8::1/64</ipv6>
    </if>
    <filetree seq="start" root="/etc/bind">conf/ns1</filetree>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns1/* /etc/bind</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
    <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
  </vm>

  <vm name="upm.e6">
    <console id="1">xterm</console>
    <xterm>xterm,-T upm.e6,-e</xterm>
    <if id="1" net="lan1">
       <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.2</ipv4>
       <ipv6>2001:db8::2/64</ipv6>
    </if>
    <filetree seq="start" root="/etc/bind">conf/ns2</filetree>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns2/* /etc/bind</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
    <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
  </vm>

  <vm name="dit.upm">
    <console id="1">xterm</console>
    <xterm>xterm,-T dit.upm,-e</xterm>
    <if id="1" net="lan1">
       <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.3</ipv4>
       <ipv6>2001:db8::3/64</ipv6>
    </if>
    <filetree seq="start" root="/etc/bind">conf/ns3</filetree>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns3/* /etc/bind</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
    <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
  </vm>

  <vm name="umu.e6">
    <console id="1">xterm</console>
    <xterm>xterm,-T umu.e6,-e</xterm>
    <if id="1" net="lan1">
       <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.4</ipv4>
       <ipv6>2001:db8::4/64</ipv6>
    </if>
    <filetree seq="start" root="/etc/bind">conf/ns4</filetree>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns4/* /etc/bind</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
    <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
  </vm>

  <vm name="dif.umu">
    <console id="1">xterm</console>
    <xterm>xterm,-T dif.umu,-e</xterm>
    <if id="1" net="lan1">
       <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.5</ipv4>
       <ipv6>2001:db8::5/64</ipv6>
    </if>
    <filetree seq="start" root="/etc/bind">conf/ns5</filetree>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns5/* /etc/bind</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
    <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
  </vm>

  <vm name="cons">
    <console id="1">xterm</console>
    <xterm>xterm,-T cons,-e</xterm>
    <if id="1" net="lan1">
       <ipv4 mask="255.255.255.0">10.1.1.6</ipv4>
       <ipv6>2001:db8::6/64</ipv6>
    </if>
    <filetree seq="start" root="/etc/bind">conf/ns6</filetree>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">rm -f /etc/bind/*</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">mv /etc/bind/ns6/* /etc/bind</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
    <exec seq="start" type="verbatim">/usr/sbin/named -c /etc/bind/named.conf</exec>
    <exec seq="stop" type="verbatim">killall named</exec>
  </vm>

  <host>
    <hostif net="lan1">
      <ipv4>10.1.1.10</ipv4>
    </hostif>
  </host>

</vnuml>

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